Follow up on the post before
And hey also describe another compound but its hard to crossreference it all too see if its already been mentioned or not i previous paragraph.
5.6.1 HAIR GROWTH-PROMOTING AGENTS
[000280] In a specific embodiment, a compound described herein is a hair growth-promoting agent.
[000281] The integumental perturbation methods described in Section 5.1 supra, alone or in combination with a post-perturbation treatment described in Section 5.2 supra, may be used in combination treatments with hair growth-promoting agents, and optionally in combination with the treatments described in Section 5.4 below. In some embodiments, a hair growth-promoting agent described herein promotes hair follicle development and growth, resulting in the transition of vellus hair on an area of the skin to nonvellus, e.g., intermediate or terminal, hair. In some embodiments, a hair growth-promoting agent described herein acts synergistically with the integumental perturbation method to promote hair growth. The effect that each treatment offers could be an additive or synergistic improvement, or a combination of two different biologically defined effects, to achieve the desired end result.
[000282] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent is a treatment that promotes hair growth and/or treats a disease or condition associated with excessive hair loss. Any treatment that promotes hair growth and/or treats a disease or condition associated with excessive hair loss that is known in the art or yet to be developed is contemplated for use in accordance with these embodiments.
[000283] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with one or more channel openers (e.g., potassium channel opener, e.g., an ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP opener), or an activator of such a channel), such as, e.g., minoxidil (e.g., marketed as Rogaine or Regaine), diazoxide, or phenytoin. In a particular embodiment, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with minoxidil. Commonly used dosage forms of minoxidil that may be used in accordance with these embodiments are topical solutions comprising 2% minoxidil or 5% minoxidil, for example, topical minoxidil foam 5%.
[000284] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with one or more 5a-reductase inhibitors. Non-limiting examples of 5a-reductase inhibitors include finasteride, dutasteride (e.g., Avodart), turosteride, bexlosteride, izonsteride, epristeride, epigallocatechin, MK-386, azelaic acid, FCE 28260, and SKF 105,111. Commonly used dosage forms of finasteride that may be used in such treatments are, for example, oral finasteride at 1 mg/day. See, e.g., Physicians' Desk Reference, 2009, 63rd ed., Montvale, NJ: Physicians' Desk Reference Inc., entries for Propecia® and Proscar® at pages 2095-2099 and 2102-2106, respectively, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[000285] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with one or more antiandrogens, such as, e.g., finasteride (e.g., marketed as Propecia or Proscar), ketoconazole, fluconazole, spironolactone, flutamide, diazoxide, 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone, 11 -alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, ketoconazole, RU5 8841, dutasteride (marketed as Avodart), fluridil, or QLT-7704, an antiandrogen oligonucleotide, or others described in Poulos & Mirmirani, 2005, Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 14:177-184, the contents of which is incorporated herein by reference.
[000286] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with one or more prostaglandin F2a analogs, prostaglandin analogs, or prostaglandins. Non-limiting examples of prostaglandin F2a analogs include bimatoprost (e.g., Latisse, Lumigan), latanoprost (trade name Xalatan), travoprost (trade name Travatan), tafluprost, unoprostone, dinoprost (trade name Prostin F2 Alpha), AS604872, BOL303259X, PF3187207, carboprost (trade name Hemabate). For exemplary prostaglandin F2a analogs, as well as formulations, dosages, and treatment regimens, for use in accordance with the methods described herein, see, e.g., US Patent Nos. 8,017,655, 5,688,819, 6,403,649, 5,510,383, 5,631,287, 5,849,792, 5,889,052, 6,011,062, 7,163,959, 5,296,504, 5,422,368, 6,429,226, and 6,946,120, the entire contents of each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. See also, with respect to latanoprost, Uno et al., 2002, Acta Derm Venereol 82:7-12, the contents of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[000287] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with one or more of the following hair growth-promoting agents: kopexil (for example, the product KeraniqueTM), CaC12, botilinum toxin A, adenosine, ketoconazole, DoxoRx, Docetaxel, FK506, GP11046, GP11511, LGD 1331, ICX-TRC, MTS-01, NEOSH101, HYG 102440, HYG-410, HYG-420, HYG-430, HYG-440, spironolactone, CB-03-01, RK-023, Abatacept, Viviscal®, MorrF, ASC-J9, NP-619, AS1O, Metron-F-1, PSK 3841, Targretin (e.g., 1% gel), MedinGel, PF3187207, BOL303259X, AS604872, THG11331, PF-277343, PF 3004459, Raptiva, caffeine, an coffee. In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises drugs for alopecia being developed by SWITCH Biotech LLC.
[000288] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with one or more of the following: herbs (such as, e.g., saw palmetto, glycine soja, Panax ginseng, Castanea Sativa, Arnica Montana, Hedera Helix Geranium Maculatum), triamcinolone acetonide (e.g., suspension of 2.5 to 5 mg/ml for injection), a topical irritant (e.g., anthralin) or sensitizer (e.g., squaric acid dibutyl ester [SADBE] or diphenyl cyclopropenone [DPCP]), clomipramine, unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., gamma linolenic acid), a fatty acid derivative, thickeners (such as, e.g., carbomer, glycol distearate, cetearyl alcohol), a hair loss concealer, niacin, nicotinate esters and salts, adenosine, and methionine. In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with nitroxide spin labels (e.g., TEMPO and TEMPOL). See United States Patent 5,714,482, which is incorporated herein by reference.
[000289] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with an androgen receptor inhibitor, which have been shown to be useful for stimulating scalp hair growth (Hu LY, et al., 2007, B100rg Med Chem Lett. 2007 17:5983-5988).
[000290] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with a copper peptide(s), preferably applied topically, or another compound with superoxide dismutation activity. In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with an agent that increases nitric oxide production (e.g., arginine, citrulline, nitroglycerin, amyl nitrite, or sildenafil (v****)). In preferred embodiments, such compounds are administered further in combination with a catalase or catalase mimetic, or other antioxidant or free radical scavenger.
[000291] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with a compound that mobilizes bone marrow-derived stem cells (e.g., growth factors such as G-CSF and/or chemical agents such as plerixafor (Mozobil®)); and/or that regulates the differentiation of these stem cells into gender-specific specialized human hair follicles (e.g., using agents such as finasteride, fluconazole, spironolactone, flutamide, diazoxide, 11-alpha hydroxyprogesterone, ketoconazole, RU58841, dutasteride, fluridil, or QLT-7704, an antiandrogen oligonucleotide, cyoctol, topical progesterone, topical estrogen, cyproterone acetate, ru58841, combination 5a-reductase inhibitors, oral contraceptive pills, and others in Poulos & Mirmirani, 2005, Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs 14:177-184, incorporated herein by reference, or any other antiestrogen, an estrogen, or estrogen-like drug (alone or in combination with agents that increase stem cell plasticity; e.g., such as valproate), etc., known in the art), that can result in, e.g., the appearance of specialized follicles having features that are different from natural follicles in the target location of skin.
[000292] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with one or more agents that counteract age-related hair thinning and/or hair follicle cell senescence (also referred to herein as "anti-senescence agents") for example, anti-oxidants such as glutathione, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, uric acid, or polyphenol antioxidants); inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, such as superoxide dismutase inhibitors; stimulators of ROS breakdown, such as selenium; mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin; or sirtuins or activators thereof, such as resveratrol, or other SIRTI, SIRT3 activators, or nicotinamide inhibitors.
[000293] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with one or more agents that induce an immune response or cause inflammation, such as, e.g., tetanus toxoid, topical non-specific irritants (anthralin), or sensitizers (squaric acid dibutyl ester [SADBE] and diphenyl cyclopropenone [DPCP]). While not intending to be bound by any theory, it is thought that by contacting these agents to the skin, lymphocytes and hair follicle stem cells may be recruited to skin. In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with a chemical or mechanical (such as those discussed infra) treatment that induces an inflammatory process in the skin. While not intending to be bound by any theory, inducing inflammation in the site where hair growth is desired helps to recruit stem cells to the tissues that drive the formation of new follicles.
[000294] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with an antiapoptotic compound. In one embodiment, the antiapoptotic compound is not a Wnt or a Wnt agonist.
[000295] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with stem cell therapy, hair cloning, hair transplantation, scalp massage, a skin graft, hair plugs, follicular unit extraction, or any surgical procedure aimed at hair restoration.
[000296] In certain embodiments, a hair growth-promoting agent described herein may be used at a dosage or in a range of dosages known in the art for that agent (e.g., as made available on a package insert or in the Physicians' Desk Reference). In other embodiments the regular dosage of the hair growth-promoting agent is adjusted to optimize a combination treatment (e.g., integumental perturbation or treatment with another active ingredient) described herein. For example, the regular dosage may be increased or decreased as directed by the physician. For example, a lower dosage may be used over a shorter duration owing to the synergistic effect of combination with another treatment described herein.
[000297] In certain embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent may be used in its commercially available form. In other embodiments, the form of the hair growth-promoting agent is adjusted to optimize a combination treatment (e.g., integumental perturbation or treatment with another active ingredient) described herein. In a particular embodiment, the hair growth-promoting agent is formulated as a different salt form than that which is commercially available. In a particular embodiment, the hair growth-promoting agent is formulated for topical administration, e.g., by incorporation into a pharmaceutical composition for post-perturbation treatment described in Section 5.2 infra.
[000298] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent enhances conversion of vellus hair to nonvellus hair. In a particular embodiment, the hair growth-promoting agent enhances conversion of vellus hair to terminal hair. Exemplary hair growth-promoting agents that promote conversion of vellus to nonvellus hair that may be used in accordance with these embodiments are prostaglandin F2a analogs (in one aspect, latanoprost), minoxidil, etc. In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent enhances conversion of telogen hair to anagen hair. In a particular embodiment, the hair growth-promoting agent enhances conversion of telogen hair to anagen hair. Exemplary hair growth-promoting agents that promote conversion of telogen to anagen hair that may be used in accordance with these embodiments are prostaglandin F2a analogs (in one aspect, latanoprost), minoxidil, etc.
[000299] In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with an antiandrogen (e.g., a 5a-reductase inhibitor) and a channel opener (e.g., minoxidil). In one such embodiment, a 5a-reductase inhibitor is administered in combination with minoxidil. In one such embodiment, finasteride is administered in combination with minoxidil. In some embodiments, the hair growth-promoting agent treatment comprises treatment with a prostaglandin F2a or prostamide analog (e.g., latanoprost, bimatoprost, etc.) in combination with a channel opener (e.g., minoxidil). In one such embodiment, a prostaglandin F2a or prostamide analog is administered in combination with minoxidil. In one such embodiment, latanoprost is administered in combination with minoxidil. In another such embodiment, bimatoprost is administered in combination with minoxidil.
[000300] In some embodiments, a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth in a female subject does not comprise finasteride or ketoconazole. In some embodiments, a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth in a pregnant female subject is not finasteride or ketoconazole.
[000301] In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise minoxidil. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise finasteride. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise dutasteride. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise fluridil. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise spironolactone. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise cyproterone acetate. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise bicalutamide. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise flutamide. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise nilutamide. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise an inhibitor of an androgen receptor. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise an androgen antagonist. In some embodiments a treatment described herein for promoting hair growth does not comprise an anti-androgen.
There you go, be happy about the wall of text !