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Topical Application of a Peptide Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor-bold beta1 Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Skin Fibrosis
They also criticise systemic tgf-beta inhibition:
Topical Application of a Peptide Inhibitor of Transforming Growth Factor-bold beta1 Ameliorates Bleomycin-Induced Skin Fibrosis
Topical application of P144 significantly reduced skin fibrosis and soluble collagen content. Most importantly, in mice with established fibrosis, topical treatment with P144 lipogel for 2 wk significantly decreased skin fibrosis and soluble collagen content. Immunohistochemical studies in P144-treated mice revealed a remarkable suppression of connective tissue growth factor expression, fibroblast SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, and alpha-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblast development, whereas mast cell and mononuclear cell infiltration was not modified. These data suggest that topical application of P144, a peptide inhibitor of TGF-beta1, is a feasible strategy to treat pathological skin scarring and skin fibrotic diseases for which there is no specific therapy.
They also criticise systemic tgf-beta inhibition:
Systemic inhibition of TGF-beta, however, raises important safety concerns, because this factor displays pleiotropic and potent effects in immunomodulation, inflammation, and tumor development (Akhurst, 2002). Consistently, in TGF-beta1-deficient mice, skin scarring is reduced but they develop a severe wasting syndrome accompanied by a generalized inflammatory response and tissue necrosis, resulting in organ failure and death.
Therefore, local rather than systemic TGF-beta inhibition, or targeting of downstream factors involved in TGF-beta profibrotic signaling represent alternative strategies for the development of anti-fibrotic therapies.