Need help making a home made melatonin topical using powder ?
- Thread starter cloudsanrain
- Start date
Well.. the study you posted about a topical .0033% solution would be beyond the needs or ability to measure that precise. You would have to have a legit lab scale with enclosed in glass to get an accurate measurement or add 3.3 grams of melatonin into a 100,000 gram batch.
This study also had no traces of melatonin that went systemic but that could have been to the very low dose too. The female alopecia group used 0.1% which can be measured without a chemist grade lab scale.
We can also garner information from other topical melatonin studies.
Dose dependent sun protective effect of topical melatonin: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study - PubMed
Application of melatonin cream 12.5% protects against natural sunlight induced erythema.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Results: Significant difference in erythema formation was found between areas treated with melatonin cream 12.5% and areas receiving placebo or no treatment (repeated measures ANOVA p=0.001). No differences were found between placebo and the 0.5% and 2.5% concentrations.
Effect of topical application of melatonin cream 12.5% on cognitive parameters: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study in healthy volunteers - PubMed
This study was the first to assess degree of cognitive dysfunction resulting from application of melatonin cream on a full body surface area. The results support that melatonin is a safe drug for dermal application even in a high dosage.
Age Associated Decrease of MT-1 Melatonin Receptor in Human Dermal Skin Fibroblasts Impairs Protection Against UV-Induced DNA Damage
The human body follows a physiological rhythm in response to the day/night cycle which is synchronized with the circadian rhythm through internal clocks. Most cells in the human body, including skin cells, express autonomous clocks and the genes responsible ...www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
_______________
Thoughts:
even though the melatonin receptors decrease their sensitivity in the pineal gland by light/dark timing we don't know that is true for skin. Even if the melatonin receptors shut down in the skin the high concentrations overcome that and that is why the studies above didn't work at less than 12.5%. There was no change in the psychological factors(with the 12.5%)irregardless if melatonin went systemic which I'm sure it did.
Have we used a high enough dose of melatonin?
You know that babies have the highest scalp hair growth in their life with high melatonin levels? They are literally sleeping their way to a full head of scalp hair(hahah). Also, elderly people who generally have LOTS less hair also sleep less.
I know the correlation doesn't equal causation but it's something to think about.
Many other factors effect pineal gland melatonin production and I'm sure effect skin produced melatonin levels too.
If you want to make a topical with small amounts of an ingredient, try looking for a liquid version. Since in liquid form 1ml ~ 20 drops, its easier to measure smaller amounts.
Found this after a quick search (the reviews seem to be sponsored, so maybe its best to look for an alternative) where 1 drop ~ 0.12mg.
waynakyo
Experienced Member
- Reaction score
- 464
Interesting study for those who speak spanish
- Reaction score
- 1,032
Great study. Really interesting . If somebody want to use an online translator it worth the time .
Page 1 |
Melatonin and capillary physiology: reasons and
clinical efficacy data as treatment
topical androgenic alopecia
Melatonin and hair physiology: reasons and clinical efficacy
data as a topical treatment of androgenic alopecia
Massimo Milani, * Tobias W. Fischer ‡
R BSTRACT
Until very recently, melatonin had been considered
exclusively a hormone that regulates the circadian rhythm
day / night and seasonal biorhythms. But nevertheless,
Recent research has shown that melatonin
has multiple activities including antioxidant effects
and anti-inflammatories. In particular, human skin is not only
a target of melatonin bioactivity, but also
an important extrapineal region for its synthesis, regulation
and metabolism. The skin expresses the complete enzymatic apparatus
necessary for the biosynthesis of melatonin. Therefore, the
skin is now considered a relevant extrapineal area for
local production of melatonin. In addition, the skin can create
an antioxidant barrier against the stressors of the
environment through its antioxidant melatoninergic system.
Melatonin receptors are expressed on keratinocytes,
melanocytes and fibroblasts. Lastly, skin melatonin
is involved in the regulation of hair growth and
skin barrier function. In the hair, specifically in the
scalp, melatonin can mediate several actions
positive for normal hair growth; for example,
promote the anagen phase. Additionally, melatonin may have
antiapoptotic properties on residual cells of the
hair follicle by attenuating oxidative stress. The
clinical studies have shown that melatonin also
can counteract the cellular action induced by testosterone
scab. Therefore, there are strong reasons for clinical use.
of melatonin in the therapeutic management of alopecia. The
Topical melatonin formulated in lotion has been shown to be beneficial
beneficial in the treatment of androgenic alopecia, both in
men as well as women. In this review, the role
of melatonin in the physiology of the skin and, in particular, in the
hair follicle, as well as available clinical evidence on
the efficacy of topical melatonin in androgenic alopecia.
A bstrAct
Until quite recently, melatonin has been considered exclusively
a hormone that regulates the circadian day-night rhythm and
seasonal biorhythms. However, recent investigations have shown
that melatonin has multiple activities, including antioxidant and
anti inflammatory effects. In particular, human skin is not only a
target of melatonin bioactivity, but also an important extra-pineal
site of its synthesis, regulation and metabolism. Skin expresses
the complete enzymatic apparatus necessary for melatonin
biosynthesis. Therefore, the skin is now considered a relevant
extra-pineal site of melatonin local production. Furthermore, the
skin is able to build an antioxidant barrier against stressors from
the environment through its melatoninergic antioxidative system.
Melatonin receptors are expressed in keratinocytes, melanocytes,
and fibroblasts. Finally, cutaneous melatonin is implicated in hair
growth regulation and skin barrier function. On the scalp hair,
melatonin can mediate several positive actions on normal hair
growth, eg promoting the anagen phase. Furthermore, mela-
tonin may have anti-apoptotic properties for residual hair follicle
cells by attenuation of oxidative stress. Clinical studies have
shown that melatonin can also counteract testosterone-induced
cell actions. Therefore, there is a strong rationale for the clinical
use of melatonin in the management of alopecia treatments.
Topical melatonin in a lotion formulation has shown to be be-
neficial in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in both men
and women. In this review, we emphasize the role of melatonin
in skin physiology and, in particular, at the hair follicle level, as
well as the available clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of
topical melatonin in androgenetic alopecia.
www.medigraphic.org.mx
Last edited:
CONCLUSIONS
As has been shown in the literature on the me-
latonin and capillary physiology, the
following points:
• Melatonin is a highly conserved molecule
and is present in practically all organisms
alive, from prokaryotes to humans and even plants.
• Melatonin exerts pleio-regulatory bioregulatory functions.
tropics (hormonal, neurotransmitter, immune
dulatory and biologically modified) in numerous and
vastly diverse biological systems, ranging
from single cells to very complex organisms,
including humans.
• Melatonin is synthesized not only in the pineal gland,
but also in large quantities in the gas system.
trointestinal and skin, especially in the hair follicle.
• A complete melatoninergic system is fully expressed-
mind on skin and human hair.
• Melatonin is present in high concentrations
(much more than in the blood level; approximate-
100 times more) in the outer root sheath of the
human hair follicle.
• The melatoninergic system of the skin and hair could
counteract the effects of environmental aggravating factors
Page 6 |
Milani M et al. Melatonin and capillary physiology
35
Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2014; 42 (1-3): 30-36
www.medigraphic.com/medicinacutanea
R evision
www.medigraphic.org.mx
preserving functional integrity and maintaining
skin and hair homeostasis.
• Melatonin is considered a powerful molecule
cleaning (scavenger) and cytoprotective.
• The melatonin produced in the hair and skin could
control and promote the hair cycle, especially in the
anagen phase.
• In the skin and hair, melatonin could antagonize
the actions of DHT.
• Topical melatonin has been shown to be effective in treating
treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia in both men and women
I relocated some of the references that look most important to the top of the list:
49. Fischer TW, Fischer A, Knoll B. Melatonin in low doses in-
hances in vitro human hair follicle proliferation and inhibits hair
growth in high doses. Arch Derm Res . 2000; 292: 147.
53. Rimler A, Culig Z, Lupowitz Z, Zisapel N. Nuclear exclusion of
the androgen receptor by melatonin. J Steroid Biochem Mol
Biol. 2002; 81: 77-84.
Bibliography
one.
Lerner AB, Case JD, Takahashi Y. Isolation of melatonin, a
pineal factor that lightens melanocytes. J Am Chem Soc. 1958;
80: 2587.
two.
Malpaux B, Migaud M, Tricoire H, Chemineau P. Biology of
mammalian photoperiodism and the critical role of the pineal
gland and melatonin. J Biol Rhythms . 2001; 16: 336-347.
3.
Marczynski TJ, Yamaguchi N, Ling GM, Grodzinska L. Sleep
induced by the administration of melatonin (5-methoxyn-
acetyltryptamine) to the hypothalamus in unrestrained cats.
Experientia. 1964; 20: 435-437.
Four.
Arendt J. Melatonin. Clin Endocrinol. 1988; 29: 205-229.
5.
Zawilska JB, Skene DJ, Arendt J. Physiology and pharmacol-
ogy of melatonin in relation to biological rhythms. Pharmacol
Rep. 2009; 61: 383-410.
6.
Hardeland R. Melatonin: signaling mechanisms of a pleiotropic
agent. Biofactors . 2009; 35: 183-192.
7.
Reiter RJ. The melatonin rhythm: Both a clock and a calendar.
Experientia . 1993; 49: 654-664.
8.
Reiter RJ. Pineal melatonin: cell biology of its synthesis and of
its physiological interactions. Endocr Rev. 1991; 12: 151-180.
9.
Bai J, Dong L, Song Z, Ge H, Cai X, Wang G et al. The role
of melatonin as an antioxidant in human lens epithelial cells.
Free Radic Res. 2013; 47: 635-642.
10. Tan DX, Chen LD, Poeggeler B, Manchester LC, Reiter RJ.
Melatonin: A potent endogenous hydroxyl radical scavenger.
Endocrine J . 1993; 1: 57-60.
11. Lowes DA, Almawash AM, Webster NR, Reid VL, Galley HF.
Melatonin and structurally similar compounds have differing ef-
fects on inflammation and mitochondrial function in endothelial
cells under conditions mimicking sepsis. Br J Anaesth. 2011;
107: 193-201.
12. Tan DX, Manchester LC, Terron MP, Flores LJ, Reiter RJ.
One molecule, many derivatives: a never ending interaction of
melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species? J Pineal
Res. 2007; 42: 28-42.
13. Tan DX, Manchester LC, Hardeland R, Lopez-Burillo S, May
JC, Sainz RM et al. Melatonin: a hormone, a tissue factor, an
autocoid, a paracoid, and an antioxidant vitamin. J Pineal Res.
2003; 34: 75-78.
14. Pandi-Perumal SR, Trakht I, Srinivasan V, Spence DW, Mae-
stroni GJ, Zisapel N et al. Physiological effects of melatonin:
role of melatonin receptors and signal transduction pathways.
Prog Neurobiol. 2008; 85: 335-353.
15. Becker-Andre M, Wiesenberg I, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Andre
E, Missbach M, Saurat JH et al. Pineal gland hormone mela-
tonin binds and activates an orphan of the nuclear receptor
superfamily. J Biol Chem . 1994; 269: 28531-28534.
16. Slominski A, Fischer TW, Zmijewski MA, Wortsman J, Semak
I, Zbytek B et al. On the role of melatonin in skin physiology
and pathology. Endocrine. 2005; 27: 137-148.
17. Zhu HQ, Cheng XW, Xiao LL, Jiang ZK, Zhou Q, Gui SY et al.
Melatonin prevents oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced
increase of myosin light chain kinase activation and expression
in HUVEC through ERK / MAPK signal transduction. J Pineal
Res . 2008; 45: 328-334.
18. Pieri C, Marra M, Moroni F, Recchioni R, Marcheselli F. Mela-
tonin: a peroxyl radical scavenger more effective than vitamin
E. Life Sci. 1994; 55: L271-L276.
19. Lopez A, Garcia JA, Escames G, Venegas C, Ortiz F, Lopez
LC et al. Melatonin protects the mitochondria from oxidative
damage reducing oxygen consumption, membrane potential,
and superoxide anion production. J Pineal Res. 2009; 46: 188-
198.
20. Fischer TW, Scholz G, Knoll B, Hipler UC, Elsner P. Melatonin
suppresses reactive oxygen species in UV-irradiated leuko-
cytes more than vitamin C and trolox. Skin Pharmacol Appl
Skin Physiol. 2002; 15: 367-373.
21. Galano A, Tan DX, Reiter RJ. Melatonin as a natural ally against
oxidative stress: a physicochemical examination. J Pineal Res.
2011; 51: 1-16.
22. Escames G, Lopez LC, Ortiz F, Lopez A, Garcia JA, Ros E et al.
Attenuation of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction by melatonin
in septic mice. FEBS J. 2007; 274: 2135-2147.
23. Reiter RJ, Poeggeler B, Tan DX, Chen LD, Manchester LC,
Guerrero JM. Antioxidant capacity of melatonin: a novel action
not requiring a receiver. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 1993; 15: 103-
116.
24. Hardeland R. Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity
of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance.
Endocrine . 2005; 27: 119-130.
25. Fischer TW, Kleszczynski K, Hardkop LH, Kruse N, Zillikens
D. Melatonin enhances antioxidative enzyme gene expression
(CAT, GPx, SOD), prevents their UVR-induced depletion, and
protects against the formation of DNA damage (8-hydroxy-2'-
deoxyguanosine) in ex vivo human skin. J Pineal Res. 2012;
54: 303-312.
26. Szczepanik M. Melatonin and its influence on immune system.
J Physiol Pharmacol. 2007; 58 (Suppl 6): 115-124.
27. Lardone PJ, Guerrero JM, Fernández-Santos JM, Rubio A,
Martín-Lacave I, Carrillo-Vico A. Melatonin synthesized by T
Page 7 |
36
Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2014; 42 (1-3): 30-36
www.medigraphic.com/medicinacutanea
Milani M et al. Melatonin and capillary physiology
R evision
www.medigraphic.org.mx
lymphocytes as a ligand of the retinoic acid-related orphan
receiver. J Pineal Res. 2011; 51: 454-462.
28. Srinivasan V, Spence DW, Trakht I, Pandi-Perumal SR, Car-
dinali DP, Maestroni GJ. Immunomodulation by melatonin: its
significance for seasonally occurring diseases. Neuroimmuno-
modulation. 2008; 15: 93-101.
29. Reiter RJ, Calvo JR, Karbownik M, Qi W, Tan DX. Melatonin
and its relation to the immune system and inflammation. Ann
NY Acad Sci. 2000; 917: 376-386.
30. Bubenik GA. Thirty four years since the discovery of gastrointes-
tinal melatonin. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008; 59 (Suppl 2): 33-51.
31. Yeleswaram K, Vachharajani N, Santone K. Involvement of
cytochrome P-450 isozymes in melatonin metabolism and
clinical implications. J Pineal Res. 1999; 26: 190-191.
32. Slominski A, Wortsman J, Tobin DJ. The cutaneous serotonin-
ergic / melatoninergic system: securing a place under the sun.
FASEB J. 2005; 19: 176-194.
33. Fischer TW, Sweatman TW, Semak I, Sayre RM, Wortsman
J, Slominski A. Constitutive and UV-induced metabolism of
melatonin in keratinocytes and cell-free systems. FASEB J.
2006; 20: 1564-1566.
34. Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Semak I. Serotoninergic and mela-
toninergic systems are fully expressed in human skin. FASEB
J . 2002; 16: 896-898.
35. Maurer M, Metz M. The status quo and quo vadis of mast cells.
Exp Dermatol. 2005; 14: 923-929.
36. Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Johansson O, Jing C, Semak J,
Slugocki G. Tryptophan hydroxylase expression in human skin
cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003; 1639: 80-86.
37. Slominski A, Pisarchik A, Zbytek B, Tobin DJ, Kauser S, Worts-
man J. Functional activity of serotoninergic and melatoninergic
systems expressed in thes kin. J Cell Physiol . 2003; 196: 144-153.
38. Naji L, Carrillo-Vico A, Guerrero JM, Calvo JR. Expression of
membrane and nuclear melatonin receptors in mouse periph-
eral organs. Life Sci. 2004; 74: 2227-2236.
39. Kobayashi H, Kromminga A, Dunlop TW, Tychsen B, Conrad F,
Siuzuki N. A role of melatonin in neuroectodermal-mesodermal
interactions: the hair follicle synthesizes melatonin and ex-
presses functional melatonin receptors. FASEB J. 2005; 19:
1710-1712.
40. Lee KS, Lee WS, Suh SI, Kim SP, Lee SR, Ryoo YW et al.
Melatonin reduces ultraviolet-B induced cell damages and
polyamine levels in human skin fibroblasts in culture. Exp Mol
Med. 2003; 35: 263-268.
41. Fischer TW, Elsner P. The antioxidative potential of melatonin
in the skin. Curr Probl Dermatol. 2001; 29: 165-174.
42. Fischer TW, Slominski A, Tobin DJ, Paus R. Melatonin and
the hair follicle. J Pineal Res. 2008; 44: 1-15.
43. Fischer TW, Slominski A, Zmijewski MA, Reiter RJ, Paus R.
Melatonin as a major skin protectant: from free radical scaveng-
ing to DNA damage repair. Exp Dermatol. 2008; 17: 713-730.
44. Kim TK, Kleszczynski K, Janjetovic Z, Sweatman T, Lin Z, Li
W. Metabolism of melatonin and biological activity of intermedi-
ates of melatoninergic pathway in human skin cells. FASEB J.
2013; 27: 2742-2755.
45. Ryoo YW, Suh SI, Mun KC, Kim BC, Lee KS. The effects of the
melatonin on ultraviolet-B irradiated cultured dermal fibroblasts.
J Dermatol Sci. 2001; 27: 162-169.
46. Houssay AB, Pazo JH, Epper CE. Effects of the pineal gland
upon the hair cycles in mice. J Invest Dermatol. 1966; 47: 230-
2. 3. 4.
47. Radogna F, Paternoster L, Albertini MC, Cerella C, Accorsi A, Buc-
chini A et al. Melatonin antagonizes apoptosis via receptor interactions
tion in U937 monocytic cells. J Pineal Res. 2007; 43: 154-162.
48. Fischer TW, Zbytek B, Sayre RM, Apostolov EO, Basnakian
AG, Sweatman TW et al. Melatonin increases survival of HaCaT
keratinocytes by suppressing UV induced apoptosis. J Pineal
Res. 2006; 14: 18-21.
49. Fischer TW, Fischer A, Knoll B. Melatonin in low doses in-
hances in vitro human hair follicle proliferation and inhibits hair
growth in high doses. Arch Derm Res . 2000; 292: 147.
50. Cos S, Gonzalez A, Martinez-Campa C. Estrogen signaling
pathway: a link between breast cancer and melatonin oncostatic
actions. Cancer Detect Prev. 2006; 30: 118-128.
51. Lerner AB, Nordlund JJ. Melatonin: clinical pharmacology. J
Neural Transm Suppl. 1978; 13: 339-347.
52. Alvarez-García V, González A, Martínez-Campa C, Alonso-
González C, Cos S. Melatonin modulates aromatase activity
and expression in endothelial cells. Oncology Reports . 2013;
29: 5.
53. Rimler A, Culig Z, Lupowitz Z, Zisapel N. Nuclear exclusion of
the androgen receptor by melatonin. J Steroid Biochem Mol
Biol. 2002; 81: 77-84.
54. Del Rio B, Garcia PJM, Martinez-Campa C. Melatonin, an
endogenous-specific inhibitor of estrogen receptor alpha via
calmodulin. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279: 38294-38302.
55. Fischer TW. The influence of melatonin on hair physiology.
Hautarzt . 2009; 60: 962-972.
56. Nixon AJ, Choy VJ, Parry AL. Fiber growth initiation in hair fol-
licles of goats treated with melatonin. J Exp Zool. 1993; 267:
47-56.
57. Trüeb RM. Oxidative stress in aging of hair. Int J Trichology.
2009; 1: 6-14.
58. Zhang J, Hu DH, Chen G, Bai XZ, Tang CW. Protective
effect of melatonin on oxidative stress inducing hair follicle
injury in scald rat. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi. 2009; 25:
129-132.
59. Fischer TW, Burmeister G, Schmidt HW, Elsner P. Melatonin
increases anagen hair rate in women with androgenetic alope-
cia or diffuse alopecia: results of a pilot randomized controlled
trial. Br J Dermatol. 2004; 150: 341-345.
60. Baldari M, Montinari M, Guarrera M. Topical melatonin in the
treatment of early stages of male androgenetic alopecia. G Ital
Dermatol Venereol . 2007; 142: 35-39.
61. Fischer TW, Trüeb RM, Hänggi G, Innocenti M, Elsner P.
Topical melatonin for treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Int
J Tricholoy. 2012; 4: 236-245.
62. Lorenzi S, Barbareschi M, Caputo R. Efficacy and safety of a
melatonin-containing cosmetic hair solution in the treatment
of early stages of male androgenic alopecia. Open study with
Trichoscan evaluation. Report / Protocol. MEL-COS-AS0
Last edited: