@InBeforeTheCure
i found this.
Blocking canonical Wnt signalling during skin development by expression of a dominant negative mutant transcription factor Lef1 (ΔNLef1) under the control of a keratin14 promoter results in transdifferentiation of hair follicle keratinocytes into mature sebocytes.
15,
16 De novo sebocyte differentiation occurs along the length of the hair follicle and is not defined to a particular region of the pilosebaceous unit.
here
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2835892/
Yep, it's also been well-established that blocking canonical Wnt signaling in hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) inhibits differentiation into commited HF progenitors and instead favors sebocyte differentiation.
also it seems like SHH also play some contribution too, they should study SHH (Sonic Hedgehog).
now the thing is Histogen is just using Wnt7a along with growth factors and Follistatin.
on the other hand Samumed is using a molecule that activates wnt pathway. which i think will regulate all the wnt members because these are not only require to kick start the hair follicle generation but also maintaining its growth phase.
I've asked this before, but I'll ask it again to see if anyone knows -- what is the actual mechanism of Samumed? Is it an actual Frizzled agonist (which I would consider a "true" Wnt agonist), or GSK3-beta inhibitor, or something else? I've searched for this but couldn't find anything.
@InBeforeTheCure @Swoop
what you guys think about the fact that castration do not reverse the male pattern baldness but feminizing regime does.
what about if we agonize estrogen receptor in scalp it should.
Here's a list of genes upregulated by 17beta-estradiol (which is what those feminizing regimens use) in male hair follicles, which come from
here; Supplementary Materials:
Code:
Gene Fold Change
FLNA 2.18
COMP 2.16
KRT19 1.92
KRT2 1.92
TAGLN 1.87
SRRM2 1.86
KRT75 1.85
LAMA5 1.76
PDLIM7 1.73
KRT37 1.73
KRT17 1.7
NKTR 1.64
MAGEA11 1.63
COL18A1 1.61
PMEL 1.57
ATP5D 1.56
ACTB 1.56
KRT14 1.55
COL6A2 1.54
CSPG4 1.54
MAP2K2 1.52
PTK7 1.52
GSTP1 1.52
CCND1 1.52
ERCC2 1.52
NFATC4 1.51
COL11A1 1.51
COL16A1 1.49
TKT 1.49
PPP1R13L 1.49
FOSL2 1.48
NDUFA3 1.47
KRT5 1.46
BASP1 1.44
MGP 1.43
EGFR 1.42
And genes downregulated:
Code:
Gene Fold Change
MMP3 0.18
FLG 0.2
MMP1 0.32
SPP1 0.33
JAK1 0.35
FN1 0.36
ITGAV 0.37
SOD2 0.38
FGFR2 0.39
CDKN2B 0.4
GLRX 0.41
HACL1 0.41
AIM1 0.42
COL12A1 0.42
CDH1 0.43
CDKN1A 0.43
DCN 0.43
S100A9 0.44
SPRR2D 0.44
EPS8 0.44
HK2 0.45
CD36 0.45
S100A7 0.46
SPRR1A 0.46
SOCS5 0.46
NOV 0.47
LCN2 0.48
SPARCL1 0.48
MCL1 0.49
SDCBP 0.5
GJA1 0.5
TDG 0.5
CANX 0.5
CASP2 0.5
NID1 0.51
SERPINE1 0.51
IL1A 0.51
EDNRB 0.52
PTGDS 0.52
TNFRSF19 0.52
TXLNA 0.52
CCNG2 0.53
DSC1 0.53
ITGA6 0.53
CXCL1 0.53
IQGAP1 0.54
ITGB6 0.54
PDLIM5 0.54
MAPK14 0.54
DDX3X 0.55
EMP1 0.55
UBQLN1 0.56
TJP2 0.56
IL6 0.56
PLIN2 0.56
RAF1 0.56
EPS15 0.57
ITGA2 0.57
PPIL4 0.57
CALR 0.57
CCT8 0.57
EIF4H 0.58
ADAM9 0.58
ABCC5 0.58
MAPK6 0.59
SEC31A 0.59
HIF1A 0.6
GLUL 0.6
FOS 0.6
STAT2 0.6
STAT1 0.6
CCT4 0.6
FCGR1A 0.6
FMOD 0.61
VCAN 0.61
BCL2L13 0.62
COL6A3 0.62
THBS2 0.62
UNG 0.62
VEGFA 0.62
THBS1 0.62
LTBP1 0.62
ASAH1 0.62
GCLC 0.62
TNFRSF1A 0.62
CCNC 0.63
KRT38 0.63
MAPK1 0.63
CLU 0.63
IGFBP3 0.63
CD55 0.63
MCC 0.63
CASP8 0.63
HSPD1 0.64
S100A8 0.64
CORO1C 0.64
CDH5 0.64
TFDP1 0.64
DNAJA3 0.64
ERO1A 0.65
ABCB6 0.65
CD44 0.65
CGA 0.65
LUM 0.65
CDKN1B 0.65
PSAP 0.65
TGFA 0.65
CASP7 0.65
HADHB 0.65
GLIPR1 0.65
MFAP3 0.65
BCL10 0.65
PTK2 0.65
KRT1 0.65
CD34 0.66
ACOX1 0.66
VHL 0.67
EIF3E 0.67
BCL2L2 0.67
PSEN1 0.67
TNFSF10 0.67
LDLR 0.67
RIPK1 0.67
KRT36 0.67
PIM1 0.68
GJB2 0.68
B2M 0.68
LAMA4 0.68
XRCC5 0.68
CPE 0.68
HOPX 0.69
P4HB 0.69
PRKCH 0.69
LGALS8 0.69
MFAP5 0.69
VBP1 0.69
BCL2L1 0.69
ITGB1 0.7
CWC27 0.7
TP53 0.7
CTNNB1 0.7
MCM5 0.7
PDZK1IP1 0.7
You can take the gene lists here and put them (without the corresponding fold changes) through gene ontology analysis
here. Estrogen target genes are enriched for things like hair cycle, skin development, extracellular matrix remodeling, cytoskeletal dynamics and cell adhesion, cell migration, apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, inflammation, signaling pathways such as MAPK and NF-kB, and other things. How these all contribute to (sometimes miraculous) hair growth hasn't really been investigated, so we can only speculate.