I can name quite a few, the only reason I didn't mention any is because it was well past midnight in my geographic location so i was too tired to go into length but I definitely can name alternatives.
As the OP mentioned, there are more risky options than Topical Minoxidil, like Oral Minoxidil, RU58841, etc, however there are safer alternatives which are natural so they have a far lower to potentially zero side effects especially when applied topically.
For example, Topical Caffeine topicals are good for blocking DHT on the scalp/hair follicle which is good because drug type anti-androgens typically reduce systemic DHT by inhibiting the 5AR enzyme - which has shown to have negative side effects in far too many people. DHT is the second most important male hormone and it's no wonder why so many men can't tolerate systemic reduction in DHT.
Topical blocking of DHT at the Hair Follicle that does not go systemic is therefore far more safer.
There are many other topicals on the market which are a blend of natural ingredients like HairGuards Biogaine Topical which are all scientifically proven to be beneficial for hair and provide far more hair growth stimulants + topical DHT blockers:
Biogaine Anti-Hairloss SerumThe Biogaine Anti-Hairloss Serum is our most powerful regrowth product ever. It blocks DHT and stimulates hair growth directly in the scalp for thicker, fuller hair.Zero side effectsImproved DHT-blocking powerIncreases hair thickness and density100% drug-free...
pro.hairguard.com
Or Lipogaines blend of Minoxidil + Natural Substances to add more growth factors + DHT blocking natural substances to increase the MOA of their topical.
Then there are multiple reasons for Hairloss with those that suffer from Male Patterned Balding, it's not just an androgen problem.
Other factors include:
1) Stress (both mental, physical and oxidative stress)
2) Poor Diet - which can lead to thinning hair and inflammation which is a big cause of hairloss (many people have poor diets which further accelerate their Male Patterned Balding)
3) Fibrosis
4) Calcification
5) Lack of Exercise
6) Poor Blood Circulation to the Hair Follicles and Scalp Tension
7) Nutritional defiencies and hormonal imbalances - often times can be a byproduct of drug anti-androgens
For each of the 7 points I listed above there are solutions.
Male Pattern Balding treatment requires a multi-faceted approach therefore, and people incorrectly assume just because they have Androgenetic Alopecia that the above listed points magically seize to exist as having issues with any of them can hamper stunt hair growth.
I can discuss them as well but for right now, Im a bit busy so I will leave my response there (has zero to do with me not being able to name alternatives) and I will elaborate on the solutions if anyone would like me to.