Bryan said:
Do you have a medical reference to support that claim?
beta-Sitosterol, beta-Sitosterol Glucoside, and a Mixture of beta-Sitosterol and beta-Sitosterol Glucoside Modulate the Growth of Estrogen-Responsive Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and in Ovariectomized Athymic Mice.
Ju YH, Clausen LM, Allred KF, Almada AL, Helferich WG.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
yhju@uiuc.edu
We hypothesized that the phytosterols beta-sitosterol (BSS), beta-sitosterol glucoside (BSSG), and Moducare (MC; BSS:BSSG = 99:1) could modulate the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study evaluated the estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of BSS, BSSG, and MC (0.001 to 150 micromol/L) on the proliferation of Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 (MCF-7) cells in vitro. Both BSS (>1 micromol/L) and MC (>50 micromol/L) increased MCF-7 cell proliferation. Treatment with 150 micro mol/L of BSS and MC increased cell growth by 2.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared to the negative control (NC) group. However, BSSG had no effect at the concentrations tested. The effects of dietary BSS, BSSG, and MC on the growth of MCF-7 cells implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice were also evaluated. Estrogenic effects of the phytosterols were evaluated in the NC, BSS, BSSG, and MC treatment groups, and antiestrogenic effects were evaluated in the 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)), E(2) + BSS, E(2) + BSSG, and E(2) + MC treatment groups. Mice were treated with dietary BSS (9.8 g/kg AIN93G diet), BSSG (0.2 g/kg diet), or MC (10.0 g/kg diet) for 11 wk. Dietary BSS, BSSG, and MC did not stimulate MCF-7 tumor growth. However, dietary BSS, BSSG, and MC reduced E(2)-induced MCF-7 tumor growth by 38.9% (P < 0.05), 31.6% (P = 0.08), and 42.13% (P < 0.05), respectively. The dietary phytosterols lowered serum E(2) levels by 35.1, 30.2, and 36.5% in the E(2) + BSS, E(2) + BSSG, and E(2) + MC groups, respectively (P < 0.05), compared to that of the E(2) treatment group. Estrogen-responsive pS2 mRNA expression in tumors did not differ among groups, but expression of the antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (bcl-2) in tumors from the E(2) + MC group was downregulated, compared to that of the E(2) treatment group. In summary, BSS and MC stimulated MCF-7 cell growth in vitro. Although BSSG comprises only 1% of MC, BSSG made MC less estrogenic than BSS alone in vitro. However,
dietary BSS and MC protected against E(2)-stimulated MCF-7 tumor growth and lowered circulating E(2) levels.
Autors: Young H. Ju, Laura M. Clausen, Kimberly F. Allred, Anthony L. Almada and William G. Helferich
Research Institute: Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana (USA), Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (USA) and IMAGINutrition and MetaResponse Science, Laguna Niguel (USA)
Publication: Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 134:1145-1151
There are many plant sterols but the best known are beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol. Plant sterols have many claimed health benefits. Studies show that plant sterols have a weak estrogenic effect and that they act as weak agonist for estrogen receptors. Plant sterols have a structure similar to that of cholesterol. Plant sterols can modulate the immune system and can replace cholesterol in the intestinal micelles, thereby reducing cholesterol absorption. Epidemiological studies also show that consumption of plant sterols reduces the risk of cancer of colon, prostate, ovary, stomach and breast.
The aim of this study was to investigate the estrogenic effects of the plant sterols beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol glucoside and Moducare (mixture of beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol glucoside). The test was carried out on estrogen dependent (this means that estrogen stimulates cancer growth) human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
First the effect of the plant sterols was determined in vitro on cancer cells. Only beta-sitosterol and Moducare increased cell growth. In the second test, the cancer cells were implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice and the estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects of the plant sterols were determined. Dietary beta-sitosterol,
beta-sitosterol glucoside and Moducare did not influence tumor growth, but they markedly reduced estradiol induced tumor growth and also reduced serum estradiol levels.[/color] The expression of the antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma/leukaemia in tumours was downregulated.
The researchers concluded that beta-sitosterol and Moducare stimulated cancer cells in vitro and that dietary beta-sitosterol and Moducare protected against estrogen stimulated tumor growth. These findings suggest that beta-sitosterol could have potential benefits for women with a risk for estrogen-dependent breast cancer. However more studies are required to investigate the short and long term effects of plant sterols, their interactions with other drugs and their possible use as dietary supplements.