Br J Dermatol. 2014 May 16. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13114. [Epub ahead of print]
Differential effects of caffeine on hair shaft elongation, matrix and outer root sheath keratinocyte proliferation, and TGF-β2-/IGF-1-mediated regulation of hair cycle in male and female human hair follicles in vitro.
Fischer TW1, Herczeg-Lisztes E, Funk W, Zillikens D, BÃró T, Paus R.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Caffeine reportedly counteracts the suppression of hair shaft production by testosterone in organ-cultured male human hair follicles (HFs).
OBJECTIVES:
We aimed at investigating the impact of caffeine a) on additional key hair growth parameters, b) on major hair growth-regulatory growth factors and c) on male versus female HFs in the presence of testosterone.
METHODS:
Microdissected male and female human scalp HFs were treated in serum-free organ culture for 120 h with testosterone alone (0,5 μg/ml) or in combination with caffeine (0.005-0.0005%), and effects on hair shaft elongation, HF cycling (i.e. anagen-catagen transition), hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation and expression of a key catagen inducer, transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2), and anagen-prolonging insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were evaluated by quantitative (immuno-) histomorphometry. Caffeine effects were further investigated in human outer root sheath keratinocytes (ORSK).
RESULTS:
Caffeine enhanced hair shaft elongation, prolonged anagen duration and stimulated hair matrix keratinocyte proliferation. Female HFs showed higher sensitivity to caffeine compared to male HFs. Caffeine counteracted testosterone-enhanced TGF-β2 protein expression in male HFs. In female HFs, testosterone failed to induce TGF-β2 expression, while caffeine reduced it. In male and female HFs, caffeine enhanced IGF-1 protein expression. In ORSK, caffeine stimulated cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis/necrosis, up-regulated IGF-1 gene expression and protein secretion, while TGF-β2 protein secretion was down-regulated.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study reveals new growth-promoting effects of caffeine on human hair follicles of both genders at different (molecular, cellular and organ) levels. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
