Distribution Of Polyamines May Be Altered In Different Scalp Regions Of Patients With Hair Loss

[Otis Mack]

https://sci-hub.tw/https://doi.org/10.1111/exd.13998





Preliminary hunch:

arginine is being shunted into ornithine instead of making nitric oxide(other researchers have mentioned this).

Ornithine is made instead of NO and some ODC/polyamine regulation has gone awry.

More research....

 

[Otis Mack]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20629736


Polyamines and hair: a couple in search of perfection.
Ramot Y1, Pietilä M, Giuliani G, Rinaldi F, Alhonen L, Paus R.
Author information
1
Department of Dermatology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. yramot@gmail.com
Abstract
Polyamines (spermidine, putrescine and spermine) are multifunctional cationic amines that are indispensable for cellular proliferation; of key significance in the growth of rapidly regenerating tissues and tumors.

Given that the hair follicle (HF) is one of the most highly proliferative organs in mammalian biology, it is not surprising that polyamines are crucial to HF growth. Indeed, growing (anagen) HFs show the highest activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine biosynthesis, while inhibition of ODC, using eflornithine, results in a decreased rate of excessive facial hair growth in vivo and inhibits human scalp hair growth in organ culture.


In sheep, manipulation of dietary intake of polyamines also results in altered wool growth. Polyamine-containing nutraceuticals have therefore been proposed as promoters of human hair growth

. Recent progress in polyamine research, coupled with renewed interest in the role of polyamines in skin biology, encourages one to revisit their potential roles in HF biology and highlights the need for a systematic evaluation of their mechanisms of action and clinical applications in the treatment of hair disorders. The present viewpoint essay outlines the key frontiers in polyamine-related hair research and defines the major open questions. Moreover, it argues that a renaissance in polyamine research in hair biology, well beyond the inhibition of ODC activity in hirsutism therapy, is important for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the manipulation of human hair growth.

Such targets could include the manipulation of polyamine biosynthesis and the topical administration of selected polyamines, such as spermidine.

 

[Otis Mack]

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8601724


Inhibition of polyamine synthesis alters hair follicle function and fiber composition.
Hynd PI1, Nancarrow MJ.
Author information
1
Department of Animal Science, University of Adelaide Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia, Australia.
Abstract
The activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, two of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the polyamines, were found to be high in follicle-rich homogenates of sheep skin, and to be responsive to the nutrition of the animal. Systemic provision of the inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, alpha difluoromethylornithine, markedly altered the length, diameter, and composition of the fiber, the last being accompanied by an increase in the proportion of the fiber occupied by paracortical cells and an increase in the level of mRNA encoding a cysteine-rich family of keratin proteins.

The growth of wool follicles cultured in media containing alpha-difluoromethylornithine was not inhibited, even at high concentrations. In contrast, low concentrations of methylglyoxal (bis)guanylhydrazone, the inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, completely inhibited fiber growth in culture follicles. Addition of spermidine to the media overcame this inhibition but spermine had no effect.


Further evidence that spermine is not required for normal follicle function was provided by incubating follicles with the specific inhibitor of spermine synthase, n-butyl-1,3-diaminopropane. This inhibitor, even at high concentrations, had no effect on fiber growth in vitro

Spermidine partially overcame the growth depression that occurred in follicles cultured in methionine-deficient media, suggesting that part of the requirement for methionine is for spermidine synthesis in the follicle. These investigations provide strong evidence that the polyamines in general , and spermidine in particular, play a major role in hair growth.